For 30 days once a year during Ramadan, Muslims around the world refrain from eating, drinking, smoking and marital relations from dawn to sunset. Along with repeating the confession, ritual prayer, almsgiving and making the pilgrimage to Mecca, fasting is one of the five "Pillars" or "acts of worship" which are obligatory for all Muslims.
When Ramadan comes during the summer with its long, hot days, as in recent years, fasting can be quite an ordeal.
But why do Muslims go through this ordeal every year? The reason is quite simple; it is commanded in the Qur'an: "O ye who believe! Fasting is prescribed for you even as it was prescribed for those before you, that you may fear [God]." (2:183, see also 184-185) To give themselves more incentive to fast, Muslims often stress its benefits. It develops self-control, curbs the passions and selfishness, helps one feel for the poor and hungry, and so on. But the primary reason Muslims fast is that they believe God has commanded them to do so. Closely associated with this is the idea that fasting "pleases God"--and will weigh in their favour on the Day of Judgement.
Fasting has numerous, scientifically proven, benefits for our physical health and mental well-being. The time, length and nature of the Islamic Fast all contribute to its overall positive effect. One of the medical benefits is a much-needed rest to the digestive system. The reduced food intake during the day allows the body to concentrate on getting rid of harmful dietary toxins accumulated as natural by-products of food digestion throughout the year. The length of the Islamic Fast itself (around 12-14 hours) is in sync with the ‘transit time’ of food from the mouth to the colon of the large intestine, ensuring that no stimulus reaches the stomach or digestive system while it remains in homeostasis. Therefore, for the vast majority of healthy individuals fasting poses no medical risks but in fact provides many health benefits, such as: an increase in serum Magnesium, essential for cardio-vascular health and prevention of heart complications; improvement in the quality and depth of sleep; improvement in memory and slower skin aging over time; increased production of growth hormone, etc. Also, as a general note, it has been observed that underfed animals live longer than their heavily fed counterparts and suffer fewer illnesses during their lives.
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