what is your response all sunni muslims?

Question

To Ahlul'sunnah: I challenge you with the following
I invite everyone to examine and ponder upon verse 42:23 (Ayah Muwaddat) of al-Qur'an al-Majeed
"That is of which Allah gives the good news to His servants, (to) those who believe and do good deeds. Say: I do not ask of you any AJR (wage/reward) for it but love for FIL-QURBA; and whoever earns good, We give him more of good therein; surely Allah is Forgiving, Grateful." (42:23)

("fil-Qurba") means "those near of kin" or "close relatives". But there is a deeper reality which this verse points to.

Some Sunni commentators have given the Tafseer of this verse that the kinship means the kinship between the Prophet and the disbelievers of Quraish, merely to hide the true meaning and implication of this beautiful Ayah. Let us examine the Tafseer of 13th century Sunni exegete, ibn Kathir.

ibn Kathir gives the Tafseer of this verse as follows:

"(Say: "No reward do I ask of you for this except to be kind to me for my kinship with you.")

Means, 'Say, O Muhammad, to these idolators among the disbeliever of Quraysh: I do not ask you for anything in return for this message and sincere advice which I bring to you. All I ask of you is that you withhold your evil from me and let me convey the Messages of my Lord.. If you will not help me, then do not disturb me, for the sake of the ties of kinship that exist between you and I." - Tafseer ibn Kathir

Therefore, ibn Kathir is of the opinion that this verse was revealed to tell the polytheists among the Quraish to at least leave Rasoolullah (a.s.) alone if they weren't going to accept Islam. This interpretation, therefore, means that if the disbelievers weren't going to accept Islam, then they should at least allow the Prophet to continue his ministry and they should love him for the reason that he had family members amongst them. This interpretation can also be found in Tafseer al-Jalalayn by Jalal al-din al-Suyuti and Jalal al-din al-Mahalli.

This interpretation is objectionable on many grounds. First of all, the Qur'an explicitly states that Allah does not accept the love of the disbeliever in 60:4, when Hazrat Ibrahim (a.s.) is praised by Allah when he tells the people that hate and enmity are between him and the disbelievers forever until they accept Allah. Allah praises him and says that there is a "goodly pattern for you in Abraham and those with him". How, then, can ibn Kathir suggest that Allah is telling the Quraishi disbelievers to love the Prophet when the fact is that Allah does not accept the love of disbelievers?

Secondly, the word اجر ("AJR"), which means "reward/wage/recompense", truly indicates that this sort of "wage" is given in return for the Prophet's guidance of mankind and his service to humanity. The Prophet is not asking for "ajr" from the disbelievers for his kinship with them. How can you ask for "ajr" for just being a relative, for the verse says: "I do not ask you a wage for it", and this "it" is not the kinship, but the guidance of his Prophethood! But how can the disbelievers among the Quraish give a reward for something that has affected them only negatively from their viewpoint? This clause can only be complete if these disbelievers believed in the message and were guided to Islam, but we find that this is not the case, because according to ibn Kathir, this verse is referring to the disbelievers to give recompense to the Messenger, and they had not been guided yet. There remains that difficulty which ibn Kathir has not expounded further. Also, this proves beyond a shadow of a doubt that this verse is speaking to the believers, and not the disbelievers.

The third objection is, as you will appreciate later, that the wage cannot refer to anything which will benefit the Prophet. Because of these three objections, we cannot accept ibn Kathir's tafseer.

In order to understand this Ayah, we must examine other Ayahs which further elucidate the meaning of "ajr". I have chosen a few of them, but there many more which are similar in meaning:

Say: "No AJR (wage/reward) do I ask of you for it except that who wants to may take a path to his Lord" (25:57)


We find here in 25:57 that the only "ajr" (wage/reward) is that we take ourselves to the Sirat al-Mustaqeem, the Straight Path unto the Lord. Therefore, those which are the "fil-Qurba" in 42:23 must be EQUAL to the Straight Path to the Lord. These are none other than the "close kin" of the Prophet, or more specifically, Ahlul'bayt. Also, this "ajr" only affects us, and not the Prophet, for the Qur'an says:

"Say: Whatever AJR (wage/reward) I have asked of you, that is for yourselves; surely my AJR (wage/reward) is with Allah, and He is a witness of all things." (34:47)



We find here in 34:47 that the wage unto the Prophet is only from Allah. We realize through this verse that the "ajr" is only beneficial to us, and not Rasoolullah. When we reconcile this verse with 42:23, we come across the reality that "fil-Qurba" refers to those whom we must be guided by in order to be led to the Sirat al-Mustaqeem.


"Say: I do not ask you for any AJR (wage/reward) for it; it is nothing but a reminder to the nations." (6:90)

If you read Ayahs 88-89 before reading this one, the reminder is the message of the Prophet (a.s.). The Qur'an is commanding the people to follow the guidance that was given to them by Rasoolullah (a.s.).

Look at it like this: Allah says in 25:57 that the only "ajr" is that we take to the Straight Path. In Verse of Muwaddat, He says that it is love of Ahlul'bayt. There can be no conflict or contradiction in the Qur'an. Therefore, Ahlul'bayt are equal to the Sirat al-Mustaqeem, and that they are the way unto the Straight Path that Allah is talking about in 25:57. They are also equal to the reminder in 6:90, and are therefore the reflections of the Sirat al-Mustaqeem. When Allah says LOVE FOR FIL-QURBA, he is speaking about the same category of love that belongs to him, because when we say we LOVE Allah, we love him in the sense that we blend with His commands and we follow him unconditionally. This is the sort of LOVE being described in 42:23, otherwise the rest of the Ayahs will contradict each other and will not make any sense to a rational mind.

There can only be one conclusion, and that "fil-Qurba" in the Verse of Muwaddat refers only to the Ahlul'bayt, whom are the guides of mankind and are the ones whom Allah commands us to follow so that we should be on the Right Path. The Caliphate belongs only to those who can guide mankind, and it is evidence in this discourse that only Ahlul'bayt are worthy of being guides unto mankind. Also, this verse challenges the belief of the Ahlul'sunnah that the Ahlul'bayt are not infallible. Is there a way that the Sirat al-Mustaqeem is fallible? Therefore, how can those who are defined as the Sirat al-Mustaqeem in these verses be considered as mere fallibles like you and I? The fact remains that only the pure and sinless can truly take you to Allah. The purity and infallibility of Aal'Muhammad is also shown in many verses, including the Verse of Mubahila (3:61) and the Verse of Purification (33:33).

Most Sunni scholars have accepted that 42:23 was revealed for Ahlul'bayt (a.s.).

Alhumdulillah, through this exposition, it is clear that the Ahlul'bayt are the straightest path to the Lord of the Worlds. In Surah al-Fatiha, when we say "Guide us to the straight path, the path of those you hath bestowed favors upon," this is in reference to none other than the Ahlul'bayt (a.s.). I ask you now: Who can be more worthy of leadership than Aal'Muhammad (a.s.)?

Salawat alla Muhammad wa Aale Muhammad!

Answer 1

Here you go the answer in the middle of this :



Is Shia Muslim? Decide Yourself !!!



Please visit the Reference Section if you wish to view the original scanned images of the following Shia references.

001. Neither we accept such Lord nor do we accept the Prophet of such Lord whose Caliph is Abu-Bakr (r.a) (Na'uzubillah). [Anwaar-ul-Na'umania, Vol#2, Pg#278 - Published Iran]



002. None of the Prophets (a.s) had been bestowed with the Prophet Hood until He declared His belief in the fallacy character of ALLAH (Na'uzubillah). [Usool-ul-Kaafi, Vol#1, Pg#265 - Published Iran]



003. Disclaimer to the doctrines that fate, benediction and vice belong to ALLAH (Na'uzubillah). [Usool-ul-Kaafi, Vol#1, Pg#293 - Published Iran]



004. The fourteen innocents (Ma'sumeen) are incomparable and unprecedented like ALLAH. (Na'uzubillah) [Chouda Sitaray, Pg#2 - Published Lahore]



005. There is no difference between ALLAH and Ali (r.a) such as in the virtues for; The master of Khatim-e-Suleman, The Master of Doomsday, The master of Siraat (The Bridge over Hell) and Renaissance Field, The Creator of leaves on the trees, The one who ripens the fruits, The one who continued fountains, The one who made drift in the canals (Na'uzubillah). [Jila-ul-A'yoon, Vol#2, Pg#85 – Published Lahore]



006. To call ALLAH Omnipresent and Omniscient is against faith (Na’uzubillah). [Jila-ul-A’yoon, Vol#2, Pg#85 – Published Lahore]



007. Muhammad (s.a.w.w) and his descendants are omnipresent and omniscient, and it is only theirs quality, not of ALLAH’s (Na’uzubillah). [Jila-ul-A’yoon, Vol#2, Pg#85 – Published Lahore]



008. ALLAH when talks about blessings, does so in Persian and when talks about persecution does so in Arabic (Na’uzubillah). [Tareekh-e-Islam, Pg#163 – Published Lahore]



009. Shiite confession of faith “LA ILAHA IL-ALLAH-U MUHAMMAD-UR RASOOL-ULLAH ALI-UN WALI-ULLAH WASI-U RASOOL-ULLAH WA KHALIFA-TU BILA FASL” (Na’uzubillah). [Tohfa Namaz Ja’fariyah, Pg#10 – Published Lahore]



010. Wherever Quran referred the word “RABB”, it meant as Ali (r.a) (Na’uzubillah). [Jila-ul-A’yoon, Vol#2, Pg#66 – Published Lahore]



011. Original Quran will not come into view till the manifestation of Imam Mehdi (SHIAs 12th Imam) (Na’uzubillah). [Anwaar-ul-Na'umania, Vol#2, Pg#360 - Published Iran]



012. Collectors of Quran eliminated virtues of Prophet’s progeny from Surah Al-Ahzab which was about to the length of Surah Al-Bakrah (Na’uzubillah). [Haq-ul-Yaqeen, Pg#66 - Published Iran]



013. Usman (r.a) made alteration in Surah Al-Rehman by eliminating words “MINKUM” (Na’uzubillah). [Haq-ul-Yaqeen, Pg#525 - Published Iran]



014. Quran has been purposely altered by the drunkard Caliphs {Abu-Bakr (r.a), Umar (r.a) and Usman (r.a)}; The present Quran is false; It’s the duty of Imam Mehdi (SHIAs 12th Imam) to bring it in its original form; When Imam Mehdi (SHIAs 12th Imam) will come, then the Quran will be recited in its original form (Na’uzubillah). [Quran Translation by Maqbool Hussain Delhvi, Chap#12, Pg#384 – Published India]



015. “ILAA AJALIN-MUSAMMA” has been removed from the Quran (Na’uzubillah). [Muta’h Aur Salahuddin A’ybi, Pg#60 – Published Karachi]



016. Quranic verses were not arranged by Abu-Bakr (r.a) in the same order as that in which it was revealed {hence Muslim Ummah was deprived of original Quran and present day Quran is incorrect} (Na’uzubillah). [Sheikh-e-Saqifah, Pg#134 – Published Karachi]



017. After the death of Holy Prophet (s.a.w.w) original Quran was in the possession of Ali (r.a) which he brought before Abu-Bakr (r.a) but He refused to prevail such version that is why Muslim Ummah was deprived of original Quran (Na’uzubillah). [Sheikh-e-Saqifah, Pg#138 – Published Karachi]



018. To provide reasoning to “WATI-FIL-DUBR” changes were made in the Quranic comprehension (Na’uzubillah). [Tehzeeb-ul-Ahkaam, Vol#7, Pg#415 – Published Iran]



019. The present (false) Quran doesn’t mentions the name of “Pakistan” however ours (SHIAs) true Quran even have the name of “Pakistan” (Na’uzubillah). [Hazar Tumhari Das Hamari, Pg#554 – Published Karachi]



020. Shiites scholars believe that Ali (r.a) and all his innocent patriarchs are superior to all Prophets (a.s) except Prophet Muhammad (s.a.w.w) (Na’uzubillah). [Haq-ul-Yaqeen, Pg#70 - Published Iran]



021. When Imam Mehdi (SHIAs 12th Imam) will come out of his cave he will be naked like a newborn and the first person who shall take the oath of allegiance on his hands will be the Prophet Muhammad (s.a.w.w) (Na’uzubillah). [Haq-ul-Yaqeen, Pg#347 - Published Iran]



022. The greatest slander upon Prophet Muhammad (s.a.w.w) of sexual intercourse… (Na’uzubillah). [Hayat-ul-Quloob, Vol#2, Pg#119 – Published Iran]



023. Prophet Muhammad (s.a.w.w) used to perform Taqiyyah (conceal the facts) (Na’uzubillah). [Hayat-ul-Quloob, Vol#2, Pg#118 – Published Iran]



024. On the night of consummation of marriage of Ali (r.a) and Fatima (r.a), Prophet Muhammad (s.a.w.w) instructed them not to start their work (sexual intercourse) until He arrives their (Na’uzubillah). [Jila-ul-A’yoon, Vol#1, Pg#251 – Published Multan]



025. Ali (r.a) and other Ahlul Bayt (r.a) are equal in the rank with Prophet Muhammad (s.a.w.w) and are superior to all other Prophets (a.s) (Na’uzubillah). [Jila-ul-A’yoon, Vol#2, Pg#20 – Published Lahore]



026. After ALLAH and Prophet Muhammad (s.a.w.w) only Holy Descendants (r.a) reached the height of saintliness, rest all other Prophets (a.s) and Angels (a.s) lie below their ranks (Na’uzubillah). [Jila-ul-A’yoon, Vol#2, Pg#29 – Published Lahore]



027. Jibrael (Gabriel) used to talk with Fatima (r.a) {after the death of Muhammad (s.a.w.w)} (Na’uzubillah). [Jila-ul-A’yoon, Vol#1, Pg#198 – Published Multan]



028. Prophet Muhammad (s.a.w.w) and his Holy Descendants (r.a) are not the offspring of Adam (a.s) (Na’uzubillah). [Jila-ul-A’yoon, Vol#2, Pg#59 – Published Lahore]



029. Adam (a.s)’s prayers were accepted on the mediation of Prophet Muhammad (s.a.w.w), Ali (r.a), Fatima (r.a), Hasan (r.a) and Hussain (r.a) (Na’uzubillah). [Kaleed-e-Manazrah, Pg#92 – Published Lahore]



030. Prophet Muhammad (s.a.w.w) had some purpose to acquiesce Usman (r.a) with Himself otherwise that man was of no use to Prophet Muhammad (s.a.w.w) (Na’uzubillah). [Na’sal Ko Qatal Kar Do, Pg#129 – Published Karachi]



031. Adam (a.s) became Infidel due to His jealousy (Na'uzubillah). [Usool-ul-Kaafi, Vol#3, Pg#428 - Published Iran]



032. Ali (r.a) possesses same rights as were kept by Prophet Muhammad (s.a.w.w) (Na’uzubillah). [Usool-ul-Kaafi, Vol#1, Pg#380 - Published Iran]



033. Prophet Muhammad (s.a.w.w) taught Taqiyyah (conceal the facts) to Abu-Zar Ghaffari (r.a) (Na’uzubillah). [Char Yaar, Pg#92 – Published Karachi]



034. The rank of Imams (12 Imams) is higher than every Prophet (a.s) and every Angel (a.s) (Na’uzubillah). [Hakumat-e-Islamiah, Pg#52 – Published Iran]



035. Prophet Muhammad (s.a.w.w)’s house was like that of dirge player’s house (Na’uzubillah). [Haqiqat Fiqah-e-Hanafiah Dar Jawab Fiqah-e-Jafariyah, Pg#63 – Published Lahore]



036. What was the compulsion on Prophet Muhammad (s.a.w.w) that He used to do intercourse with Ayesha (r.a) during her menses? (Na’uzubillah). [Haqiqat Fiqah-e-Hanafiah Dar Jawab Fiqah-e-Jafariyah, Pg#63 – Published Lahore]



037. What the lady “Zulekhah”, Ayesha (r.a) had got that Prophet Muhammad (s.a.w.w) despite having coeval wives or other young ladies, married with a nine years old little mother at His age of fifty (Na’uzubillah). [Haqiqat Fiqah-e-Hanafiah Dar Jawab Fiqah-e-Jafariyah, Pg#64 – Published Lahore]



038. Slander to Ali (r.a) to declare rape as a dogmatic matrimonial (Na’uzubillah). [Fir’o-ul-Kaafi, Vol#5, Pg#467 – Published Iran]



039. One who does not consider Ali (r.a) as the first Caliph (successor) is an apostate (Na’uzubillah). [Anwaar-ul-Na'umania, Vol#3, Pg#264 - Published Iran]



040. To marry Umm-e-Kulsoom (r.a) with Umar (r.a) was a subterfuge on the part of Ali (r.a) (Na’uzubillah). [Anwaar-ul-Na'umania, Vol#1, Pg#81-82 - Published Iran]



041. Penis proclaimed the Imamate (patriarchate) of Ali (r.a) (Na’uzubillah). [Aasar-e-Haidery, Pg#557 – Published Lahore]



042. When the last era will come, Ali (r.a) will appear (Na'uzubillah) [Chouda Sitaray, Pg#603 - Published Lahore]



043. Ali (r.a) is Dabat-ul-Arz (a cattle who will arise from earth before the Doomsday) (Na’uzubillah). [Chouda Sitaray, Pg#602 - Published Lahore]



044. Ayesha (r.a) was an American Lady or any European Madam? (Na’uzubillah). [Haqiqat Fiqah-e-Hanafiah Dar Jawab Fiqah-e-Jafariyah, Pg#64 – Published Lahore]



045. Hafsa (r.a), a bad natured woman, was accepted by Prophet Muhammad (s.a.w.w)… She was a pig-faced woman (Na’uzubillah). [Haqiqat Fiqah-e-Hanafiah Dar Jawab Fiqah-e-Jafariyah, Pg#124 – Published Lahore]



046. Ali (r.a) is Dabat-ul-Arz (a four-legged animal) (Na’uzubillah). [Haq-ul-Yaqeen, Pg#336 - Published Iran]



047. When Imam Mehdi will appear, he will first dig out Ayesha (r.a) from Her grave and will reprehend her (Na’uzubillah). [Haq-ul-Yaqeen, Pg#347 - Published Iran]



048. Curse upon Ayesha (r.a) and Hafsa (r.a) who gave poison to Prophet Muhammad (s.a.w.w) (Na’uzubillah). [Hayat-ul-Quloob, Vol#2, Pg#700 – Published Iran]



049. Ayesha (r.a) and Shiites Imam performed Muta’h (a form of temporary marriage regarded as illegitimate in Islam) (Na’uzubillah). [Jawaz-e-Muta’h, Pg#78 – Published Bhakkar]



050. Jealousy, hatred and resentment were the attributes of Ayesha (r.a)’s nature (Na’uzubillah). [Hazrat Ayesha Ki Tareekhi Haisiyat, Pg#40]



051. Ayesha (r.a) use to misbehave, oppose, talk louder, babbl

Answer 2

I don't like reading so much but I know what you're getting at. What do I think about kinship being severed? I find it quite sad. But in terms of the imamate, these people were FAIRLY voted in, and I believe that the majority should have their voice heard. Allah has given everyone the right to chose what they prefer for themselves. Stop trying to stir trouble among Muslims, we have enough of that already. I respect ALL companions of Mohammad (saw). If you want to sit here pointing out the importance of KINSHIP then maybe you should talk to your people about cursing the Sahaba, because that is MOST disliked by Allah and his Messenger. You're the ones hurting kinship here, because you can't stop this nasty verbal abuse toward other people who did so much for you. GET OVER IT...

Answer 3

Bismillahirrahmanirrahim.

Prohet muhammad warned muslims against being divide. read this -



1. Muslims Should be United

It is a fact that Muslims today, are divided amongst themselves. The tragedy is that such divisions are not endorsed by Islam at all. Islam believes in fostering unity amongst its followers.

The Glorious Qur’an says:

"And hold fast,All together, by the rope

Which Allah (stretches out for you),

and be not divided among yourselves;"

[Al-Qur’an 3:103]



Which is the rope of Allah that is being referred to in this verse? It is the Glorious Qur’an. The Glorious Qur’an is the rope of Allah which all Muslims should hold fast together. There is double emphasis in this verse. Besides saying ‘hold fast all together’ it also says, ‘be not divided’.

Qur’an further says,

"Obey Allah, and obey the Messenger"

[Al-Qur’an 4:59]

All the Muslim should follow the Qur’an and authentic Ahadith and be not divided among themselves.



2. It is Prohibited to make sects and divisions in Islam The Glorious Qur’an says:

"As for those who divide

Their religion and break up

Into sects, thou hast

No part in them in the least:

Their affair is with Allah:

He will in the end

Tell them the truth

Of all that they did."

[Al-Qur’an 6:159]



In this verse Allah (swt) says that one should disassociate oneself from those who divide their religion and break it up into sects.

But when one asks a Muslim, "who are you?", the common answer is either ‘I am a Sunni, or ‘I am a Shia’. Some call themselves Hanafi, or Shafi or Maliki or Humbali. Some say ‘I am a Deobandi’, while some others say ‘I am a Barelvi’.



3. Our Prophet was a Muslim

One may ask such Muslims, "Who was our beloved prophet (pbuh)? Was he a Hanafi or a Shafi, or a Humbali or a Maliki?" No! He was a Muslim, like all the other prophets and messengers of Allah before him.

It is mentioned in chapter 3 verse 52 of Al-Qur’an that Jesus (pbuh) was a Muslim.

Further, in chapter 3 verse 67, Al-Qur’an says that Ibrahim (pbuh) was not a Jew or a Christian but was a Muslim.



4. Qur’an says call yourselves Muslim

If anyone poses a Muslim the question who are you, he should say "I am a MUSLIM, not a Hanafi or a Shafi". Surah Fussilat chapter 41 verse 33 says

"Who is better in speech

Than one who calls (men)

To Allah, works righteousness,

And says, ‘I am of those

Who bow in Islam (Muslim)?’ "

[Al-Qur’an 41:33]



The Qur’an says "Say I am of those who bow in Islam". In other words, say, "I am a Muslim".

The Prophet (pbuh) dictated letters to non-Muslim kings and rulers inviting them to accept Islam. In these letters he mentioned the verse of the Qur’an from Surah Ali Imran chapter 3 verse 64:

Say ye: "Bear witness

That we (at least)

Are Muslims (bowing

To Allah’s Will)."

[Al-Qur’an 3:64]



5. Respect all the Great Scholars of Islam

We must respect all the great scholars of Islam, including the four Imaams, Imam Abu Hanifa, Imam Shafi, Imam Humbal and Imam Malik (may Allah be pleased with them all). They were great scholars and may Allah reward them for their research and hardwork. One can have no objection if someone agrees with the views and research of Imam Abu Hanifa or Imam Shafi, etc. But when posed a question, ‘who are you?’, the reply should only be ‘I am a Muslim’.

Some may argue by quoting the hadith of our beloved Prophet from Sunan Abu Dawood Hadith No. 4579. In this hadith the prophet (pbuh) is reported to have said, "My community will be split up into seventy-three sects."



This hadith reports that the prophet predicted the emergence of seventy-three sects. He did not say that Muslims should be active in dividing themselves into sects. The Glorious Qur’an commands us not to create sects. Those who follow the teachings of the Qur’an and Sahih Hadith, and do not create sects are the people who are on the true path.

According to Tirmidhi Hadith No. 171, the prophet (pbuh) is reported to have said, "My Ummah will be fragmented into seventy-three sects, and all of them will be in Hell fire except one sect." The companions asked Allah’s messenger which group that would be. Where upon he replied, "It is the one to which I and my companions belong."



The Glorious Qur’an mentions in several verses, "Obey Allah and obey His Messenger". A true Muslim should only follow the Glorious Qur’an and the Sahih Hadith. He can agree with the views of any scholar as long as they conform to the teachings of the Qur’an and Sahih Hadith. If such views go against the Word of Allah, or the Sunnah of His Prophet, then they carry no weight, regardless of how learned the scholar might be.

If only all Muslims read the Qur’an with understanding and adhere to Sahih Hadith, Inshallah most of these differences would be solved and we could be one united Muslim Ummah.



may Allah guide us all to the straight path.

assalmualikum.

Answer 4

Asalamu alaikum wa rahmatullahi wa barakathuhu



Your better off taking your question to the Scholars of Islam, people who ARE actually qualified to give you an answer...



A doctor cannot do a mechanics job and likewise, so you asking here, is a waste of time for yourself and others...



jazakhallahu khairan

Answer 5

You are a crazy and badly deviated Shia Muslim. I never want to discuss any thing with you,

Answer 6

Sunni simply means following the Sunnah and ALL Muslims do that.



Peace to you



Scottish Muslim (proceeded with nothing) woman!

Answer 7

i wouldnt read all that and waste my time

you always write a long statement , and no one read it :(

Answer 8

*Yawn* your imams are falling asleep too.